The people are the symbol of national prosperity and national prosperity. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, my country's health services have made remarkable achievements, the level of medical and health services has been greatly improved, and the main indicators of residents are generally better than the average level of middle-income countries. With the development of industrialization, urbanization, population aging, and changes in the ecological environment and lifestyle, chronic non-communicable diseases (hereinafter referred to as chronic diseases) have become the main cause of death and disease burden for residents. The burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and chronic diseases of diabetes accounted for more than 70% of the total disease burden, which became factors restricting the increase of life expectancy. At the same time, the prevention and control of hepatitis, tuberculosis, and AIDS infectious diseases, mental health, occupational, and endemic diseases cannot be ignored, and accidents in production safety and traffic accidents occur from time to time. The Nineteenth Party has made a decision-making arrangement for implementing China's strategy, which fully reflects the determination to safeguard the people. Actively respond to the current outstanding problems, move the threshold forward, take effective intervention measures, and strive to make the masses sick and sick, improve the quality of life, and prolong life. This is a low-cost performance strategy, a realistic way to solve current problems, and a strategic move by China. To this end, the "China Action (2019-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "China Action") was formulated.
Guided by Xi Jinping's thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th and 19th 2nd and 3rd Plenary Sessions of the Party, conscientiously implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the people-centered development thinking, establish the concept of "health and health", and adhere to the principle of prevention Combining the principle of advocacy and prevention, focusing on the grassroots level, driving force for reform and innovation, emphasizing both Chinese and Western medicine, integrating all policies, diseases and some prominent problems, focusing on key groups, implementing a series of actions, coordinating the promotion of the government, society and individuals, establishing a sound education system, and guiding The masses establish a correct view, form a favorable lifestyle, ecological environment and social environment, promote the transformation of the treatment center from the center, and improve the people's level.
—— Popularize knowledge. Improving literacy is the premise of improving the whole people, and the characteristics of the population should be targeted to strengthen education and promotion, so that knowledge, behavior and skills can become the quality and ability of the whole people, so that everyone can have literacy.
– Participate in action. Advocate the concept that everyone is their own primary responsibility, inspire residents, pursue enthusiasm, develop a lifestyle that suits their own and family characteristics, reasonable diet, scientific exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol restriction, and psychology, so as to realize life sickness.
–Provide services. Promote structural reforms on the service supply side, improve prevention and treatment strategies, institutional arrangements, and security policies, strengthen the connection between medical security policies and public health policies, provide systematic prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and promotion integrated services, and improve service fairness, accessibility, and effectiveness. Sex, to achieve early diagnosis and early rehabilitation.
–extend your life. Strengthen cross-departmental collaboration, encourage and guide units, communities, families, and individual residents to take action, take effective interventions in major problems and influencing factors, form a situation where the government actively leads, society participates, and individuals are autonomous and self-disciplined, and life expectancy continues to increase.
By 2022, the promotion policy system covering all relevant economic and social fields will be basically established, the level of literacy of the whole people will be improved, the promotion of lifestyle will be accelerated, the rising trend of the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and chronic diseases will be curbed, and key infectious diseases will be curbed. , Mental disorders, endemic diseases, and occupational diseases have been prevented and controlled, the risk of disability and death has been reduced, and the health status of key populations has improved.
By 2030, the literacy level of the whole people will be improved, the lifestyle will be basically popularized, the main influencing factors of residents will be controlled, the premature mortality caused by chronic diseases will be significantly reduced, the average life expectancy will be improved, the main indicators of residents will enter the ranks of income countries, and fairness will be basically realized. The relevant objectives of the "China 2030" Planning Outline.
Note: (1) Relevant survey data in this document, instructions, main official sampling survey statistics; (2) In this main indicator table, write the baseline level value of the year, the value in 2017; (3) #2020 target value.
Everyone is the first person responsible for themselves, and the family and society are responsible. Popularizing knowledge and improving the quality of the whole people is one of the economic measures to improve the level of the whole people. At present, the overall level of literacy of Chinese residents remains low. In 2017, the literacy level of residents was only 14.18%. Urban and rural residents lack knowledge and skills in disease prevention, early detection, rescue, timely medical treatment, rational use of medicines, emergency avoidance and maintenance, and their lifestyles are common. Scientific popularization of knowledge and improvement of literacy will help improve residents' self-management ability and level. "Chinese Citizen Literacy-Basic Knowledge and Skills" defines the specific content of the current literacy, which is the knowledge and skills that citizens should master.
1. Correct understanding. Including physical health, mental health and social adaptability. Genetic factors, environmental factors, personal lifestyle and medical and health services are the main factors affecting it. Everyone is the first person responsible for themselves, advocate active learning of knowledge, develop a way of life, maintain and promote themselves, understand the natural laws of life, old age, illness and death, understand the limitations of medical technology, and respond to problems with medicine and medical personnel.
2. Develop a civilized lifestyle. Pay attention to diet, daily life, combination of movement and stillness, and mentality. Pay attention to personal hygiene, environmental hygiene, food hygiene, wash your hands frequently, take a bath, brush your teeth in the morning and evening, rinse your mouth after meals, share towels and toiletries, spit anywhere, and cover your mouth and nose with your arms or tissues when coughing or sneezing. No bad habits, smoking, smokers quit smoking, drinking, alcoholism, refusing drugs. Actively participate in beneficial cultural and sports activities and social activities. Pay attention to and record your own health status, and conduct regular physical examinations. Actively participate in voluntary blood donation. Adults donate 400ml of blood each time. It does not affect others and can help others. The interval between two blood donations is 6 months.
3. Focus on information. Study, understand, master, and apply "Chinese Citizenship – Basic Knowledge and Skills" and TCM health care knowledge. Be proactive in obtaining relevant information when you encounter problems. Improve the ability to understand, identify, and apply information, and give priority to health administrative departments, government departments, and medical and health professional institutions to acquire knowledge.
4. Master the necessary skills. Can measure body temperature and pulse; be able to read food, medicine, cosmetics, health product labels and instructions; learn to recognize danger signs, such as high pressure, flammable, explosive, highly toxic, radioactive, biosafety, and stay away from dangerous objects. Actively participate in escape first aid training, learn basic escape skills and first aid skills; dial 120 emergency number when medical assistance is needed; stop bleeding and bandage when traumatic bleeding occurs; do not move patients suspected of fractures; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; when rescuing an electrocuted person, cut off the power supply and do not directly touch the electrocuted person; in case of fire, call the fire alarm number 119, isolate the smoke, cover the mouth and nose with a wet towel, and escape. Apply TCM health care techniques and methods to carry out self-help TCM intervention.
5. Seek medical treatment scientifically. Usually take the initiative to contact general practitioners and family doctors. When encountering problems, go to medical institutions for diagnosis and treatment in time to avoid delaying the best time for treatment. Conditions and doctor's advice, choose medical institutions for medical treatment, primary medical and health institutions are the first choice for diagnosis and treatment of minor illnesses, and hospitals for serious illnesses. Treat according to the doctor's advice, believe in folk remedies, and believe in "magic doctors and medicines".
6. Rational use of drugs. Follow the doctor's advice, use the drug in the right amount, and consult a doctor or pharmacist in time if necessary during the medication process. Take the initiative to show the records of the drugs you are using and the history of drug allergy to the doctor or pharmacist every time you visit the doctor, so as to avoid the occurrence of medication or interaction events. Check the expiry date of the medicine before taking the medicine, use the expired medicine, and keep the expired medicine in the family in time. Properly store medicines, beware of children's contact and ingestion. Health food is not medicine, choose health food correctly.
7. Create a family environment. Family members take the initiative to learn knowledge, establish ideas, develop lifestyles, remind regular physical examinations, prenatal and postnatal care, love and respect the elderly, family, advocate public morality, neighbors help each other, and support public welfare. Families with infants, young children, the elderly, and disabled persons take the initiative to participate in nursing training to master relevant nursing knowledge and skills. Advocate families with patients with digestive tract diseases to implement a meal-sharing system. Families with a family medical history should take preventive care in a targeted manner. Equipped with a household first aid kit (including first aid medicine, first aid equipment and first aid consumables).
3. Establish an incentive and restraint mechanism to encourage medical and health institutions and medical personnel to promote education, and mobilize the enthusiasm of medical personnel to participate in the promotion of education. Promote education work to be included in the performance assessment of medical institutions at all levels and types, and into the evaluation of medical personnel's professional title and performance assessment. Improve medical insurance payment policies, and encourage grassroots medical institutions and family contracted doctor teams to provide management services. Encourage and guide individuals to practice lifestyles and strengthen personal management. (The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Health Commission take the lead, and the Medical Insurance Bureau is responsible)
5. Mobilize social forces to participate in knowledge dissemination. Encourage health industry associations and associations to organize experts to carry out various forms of science popularization activities for the public and training for institutions. All communities and units should popularize the knowledge of residents and employees as a job, and organize lectures and dissemination activities in combination with the main problems of residents and employees. Strengthen the promotion of population literacy in poverty-stricken areas. (The Health Commission takes the lead, and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the All-China Women's Federation, and the China Association for Science and Technology are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
7. Promote the construction of counties (districts) and strive to improve the quality of residents. Every year, the country chooses a theme closely related to the masses to carry out the "China Tour" publicity and education activities. Carry out the activity of "Traditional Chinese Medicine in China" to promote the popularization of Chinese medicine culture and spread the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine health care. Promote the nationwide lifestyle action and strengthen lifestyle guidance and intervention for families and individuals at risk. (The Health Commission and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine take the lead, and the China Association for Science and Technology is responsible)
Reasonable diet is the basis of guarantee. In recent years, the nutrition and health status of Chinese residents has improved significantly, but they are facing the problems of coexistence of overnutrition and frequent occurrence of nutrition-related diseases. According to the survey in 2012, the per capita daily salt intake of Chinese residents is 10.5g (5g recommended by the World Health Organization); ") The recommended standard is 25-30g per day); the proportion of energy provided by dietary fat for residents reaches 32.9% (the upper limit of the recommended value in the "Dietary Guidelines" is 30.0%). At present, the per capita daily intake of added sugar (mainly sucrose, namely "white sugar" and "brown sugar") in my country is 30g, and the intake of children and adolescents deserves great attention. According to the survey in 2014, for children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 who often drink beverages, the intake of added sugar in beverages provides more than 5% of the total energy, and urban children are higher than rural children, and the trend is on the rise (the World Health Organization recommends adding Sugar intake is less than 10% of total energy, and is encouraged to be controlled to less than 5% or more than 25g). At the same time, from 2010 to 2012, the malnutrition rate of adults in my country was 6%; in 2013, the growth rate of children under 5 years old was 8.1%, the anemia rate of pregnant women, children, and the elderly, and trace amounts of calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin D Nutrient deficiency exists, dietary fiber intake.
Salt, high-sugar, and high-fat diets are risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other metabolic diseases and tumors. The results of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study showed that dietary factors accounted for 15.9% of the disease burden, becoming a risk factor affecting the population. In 2012, the national overweight rate of adults aged 18 and over was 30.1%, and the obesity rate was 11.9%, an increase of 32.0% and 67.6% compared with 2002; the overweight rate of children and adolescents aged 6-17 was 9.6%, and the obesity rate was 6.4%. Compared with the increase of 1 times and 2 times. A reasonable diet and reducing daily intake of edible oil, salt, and sugar can help reduce the risk of diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease.
By 2022 and 2030, the growth rate of adults will continue to slow down; the awareness rate of residents' nutrition knowledge will increase by 10% from 2019 and 2022; the growth rate of children under 5 years old will be lower than 7% and 5%, and the anemia rate Lower than 12% and 10%, the anemia rate of pregnant women is lower than 14% and 10%; the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt reaches 90% and above; the fat energy supply ratio of adults drops to 32% and 30%; 1 person is equipped for every 10,000 people Nutrition instructor; implement the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and the nutrition improvement project for children in poverty-stricken areas; implement the basic nutrition standards for food safety, and promote the construction of the nutrition standard system.
It is recommended that the per capita daily salt intake be higher than 5g, the per capita daily edible oil intake of adults be higher than 25-30g, the per capita daily added sugar intake be higher than 25g, and the daily intake of vegetables and fruits be lower than 500g , Daily intake of 12 kinds of food, 25 kinds of food per week; adults maintain body weight, body mass index (BMI) is controlled at 18.5-24 kg/㎡; adult male waist circumference is less than 85cm, and female is less than 80cm.
1. Crowd. Learn the scientific knowledge of Chinese residents' diet, use Chinese residents' dietary pagoda, dietary plate support tools, and reasonably match food with personal characteristics. The daily diet includes cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, soybeans and nuts, with more than 12 kinds of food per day and more than 25 kinds of food per week. Foods that cannot be eaten raw should be cooked before eating; vegetables and fruits eaten raw should be washed. Raw and cooked food should be stored and processed separately. When eating, it is advisable to chew slowly, maintain your mood, and not eat too much, but you should pay attention to avoid excessive dieting that affects nutrient intake. Eat fatty, smoked and cured meats, eat salty and fried foods, and limit your intake of added sugars. Drink plenty of water, 7-8 cups (1500-1700ml) per day for adults. It is recommended to drink boiled water or tea, and drink sugary drinks; children and teenagers, pregnant women, and nursing mothers should drink alcohol.
2. Overweight (24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2), (BMI≥28 kg/m2) adult population. Reduce energy intake, increase the proportion of fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet, and choose foods rich in high-quality protein (such as lean meat, fish, egg whites and beans). Avoid fatty and fried foods, snack and sweet foods, and drink or drink sugary drinks. Eat regularly, don't skip meals, overeating, seven or eight points.
3. People with anemia and malnutrition. It is recommended to increase the intake of lean meat, milk eggs, soybeans and soy products on the basis of a reasonable diet, maintain dietary diversity, and meet the body's nutritional requirements for protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folic acid; increase Iron-containing food intake or iron supplementation under the guidance of a doctor can correct anemia.
4. Pregnant women and families with infants and young children. It is recommended to learn about the diet of pregnant women, breastfeeding women and infant feeding, and pay attention to nutrition in the first 1000 days of life (from the beginning of pregnancy to 2 years after the baby is born). Pregnant women should eat iron-containing foods, increase animal foods and seafood rich in high-quality protein and vitamin A, and use iodized salt to ensure adequate intake of iron, iodine, and folic acid during pregnancy. Breastfeeding for 6 months, infants and young children aged 6 to 24 months should be supplemented reasonably.
2. Give full play to the role of mental health medical institutions, carry out mental health knowledge and skill training for medical staff in various clinical departments, popularize the application of psychological counseling and treatment techniques in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the screening of psychological and behavioral problems and mental disorders in patients with cognitive impairment, autism, and mental disorders. Investigate, identify, and dispose of. Promote the application of traditional Chinese medicine psychological adjustment techniques and methods in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
1. Promote the normalization of publicity and education activities on nutrition science, and encourage the society to participate in the national nutrition week and "three reductions and three" (reduction of salt, oil, sugar, oral cavity, weight, and bones) publicity and education activities. Promote the use of the "three pieces" (limited salt spoon, limited oil pot and waist scale), increase household popularity, and encourage professional industry organizations to guide families to use them correctly. Research and formulate guidelines for the intake of added sucrose for children in my country, and advocate natural sweeteners and sweetened beverages to replace drinking.
2. Strengthen the knowledge guidance on nutrition labeling of food enterprises, guide consumers to correctly read nutrition labels, and increase residents' awareness of nutrition labels. Consumers are encouraged to reduce their sucrose intake. Advocate food producers and operators to use food safety standards to allow the use of natural sweeteners and sweeteners to replace sucrose. Scientifically reduce sucrose content in processed foods. Advocate urban populations with high sugar intake to reduce consumption of sucrose-containing beverages and sweets, and choose natural sweeteners and sweeteners to replace sucrose in the production of beverages and food.
3. Encourage the production and sale of sodium salt, and promote its use under the guidance of experts. Do a good job of prompting and warning for people who use sodium with caution (workers at high temperature, workers with physical labor intensity, people with renal dysfunction, and people with potassium intake in hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive drugs). Guide enterprises to take measures to control the amount of salt and edible oil used in production and sales (such as giving 2g measuring spoons in salt bags, producing limited oil pots and oil pots with scales), and encouraging places where conditions permit to pilot them first. Encourage stores (supermarkets) to set up special counters for fat, salt, and low-sugar foods.
4. Encourage canteens and restaurants to be equipped with full-time and part-time nutritionists, and regularly manage and train employees in nutrition, diet and food safety-related skills training and assessment; publish recipes in advance, label portions and nutrient content, and describe nutritional components; encourage people with nutritional status to recommend corresponding recipes.
5. Formulate and implement the nutritional operation norms of collective catering units, and carry out activities to create demonstration canteens and restaurants. Consumers in the catering industry and collective canteens are encouraged to provide nutrition labels. Encourage the publication of dietary guidance and recipes suitable for age and geographical groups. Encourage the development of traditional food care services, promote the research and development of traditional food care products and industrial upgrading.
1. Comprehensively promote the implementation of the "National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030)", and carry out nutrition and dietary guidance according to local conditions. Implement nutritional interventions for key populations in poverty-stricken areas, and incorporate nutritional interventions into poverty alleviation work. Continue to promote the implementation of the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and the nutrition improvement project for children in poverty-stricken areas. (The Ministry of Health takes the lead, and the Ministry of Education and the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
2. Advancing nutrition and policy research. Research, formulate and implement a nutritionist system. Kindergartens, schools, elderly care institutions, and collective feeding units in hospitals are equipped with nutritionists, and communities are equipped with nutrition instructors. Strengthen clinical nutrition work, standardize nutritional screening, assessment and treatment. (The Health Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
3. Improve the food safety standard system, formulate basic nutrition standards for food safety, and promote the construction of a food nutrition standard system. Develop nutrition-oriented agriculture and food processing industries. The government should speed up research and formulate standards to limit the production and sales of high-sugar foods. Increase publicity efforts to promote the production and consumption of low-sugar or sugar-free foods. Implement food safety inspection and testing capabilities to meet standards, and strengthen food safety sampling inspections and risk monitoring. (The Health Commission, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the State Administration for Market Regulation are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
4. Accelerate the revision of the general principles of prepackaged food nutrition labeling, increase the mandatory labeling of sucrose, encourage enterprises to make "low sugar" or "sugar-free" claims, and actively promote the use of "front-of-package (FOP)" information on food packaging to help consumers choose Food, strengthen the supervision and management of pre-packaged food nutrition labels. Research and promote the formulation of nutritional operation specifications for group meals for special groups, and explore the addition of "sugar" labels to pilot catering foods. Research and improve the packaging standards for oil, salt, and sugar, and the outer packaging should indicate information about the recommended daily consumption of a reasonable amount of oil, salt, and sugar. (The Health Commission takes the lead, the State Administration for Market Regulation and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible)
Life lies in exercise, and exercise requires science. Scientific physical activity can prevent disease, promote body and mind. According to the 2014 national fitness activity survey conducted by the General Administration of Sport of China, 33.9% of urban and rural residents in my country participated in physical exercise, of which 14.7% of residents aged 20 to 69 exercised. At the same time, changes in cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body composition indicators are not optimistic, and most residents still have blindness when participating in sports activities. Regular and moderate physical activity can help prevent and improve overweight and chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, and can promote spirit, improve quality of life and well-being, and promote society.
By 2022 and 2030, 90.86% and 92.17% of urban and rural residents will meet the requirements of the "National Physique Measurement Standard"; participate in physical exercise (the frequency of participating in physical exercise is 3 times or more per week, and the duration of each physical exercise is 30 minutes 37% and above and 40% and above; the open rate of school sports facilities exceeds 70% and 90%; the per capita sports field area reaches 1.9m2 and above and 2.3 m2 and above; the per capita length of urban jogging sidewalks and greenways continues to increase; there are 1.9 and 2.3 social sports instructors per thousand people; the coverage of sports facilities in rural administrative villages basically achieves coverage and the coverage rate is 100%.
Advocate agencies, enterprises and institutions to carry out inter-work exercises; encourage individuals to have one sport or master one traditional sport, participate in one fitness organization, and do moderate-intensity exercise for half an hour every day; encourage medical institutions to provide exercise promotion guidance services, encourage and guide Social sports instructors provide scientific fitness guidance services to local people in fitness places to improve fitness effects and prevent sports injuries; encourage public sports venues and facilities to provide more and better free or fee-based open services, and ensure that all social sports venues and facilities of qualified enterprises and institutions open.
1. Understand the benefits of exercise. It is recommended that individuals increase awareness of physical activity and develop exercise habits. Understand and master the knowledge related to national fitness and physical activity, integrate physical activity into daily life, master sports skills, hyperactivity, reduce sedentary, maintain weight; scientific exercise to avoid exercise risks.
2. Movement is beneficial, and persistence is the most important thing. Before exercising, it is necessary to understand the medical history and family medical history, evaluate the physical condition, encourage family doctors or professionals to formulate an exercise program, choose the appropriate exercise method, intensity and amount of exercise, and reduce exercise risks. Encourage moderate-intensity exercise for more than 30 minutes each time, more than 3 times a week, or accumulatively 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of high-intensity physical activity. In daily life, you should be more active, reaching 6,000 to 10,000 steps of physical activity per day. Eat a dynamic balance, let the excess energy intake be consumed by exercise, and achieve the various functions of the body. A campaign includes warm-up activities, formal sports, and finishing activities. A week of exercise and fitness includes aerobic exercise, strength exercises, and flexibility exercises. It is recommended that families be equipped with small, portable, and operational fitness equipment suitable for family members.
3. Exercise for the elderly can help maintain physical function and slow down the deterioration of cognitive function. Advocate the elderly to do what they can, choose their own physical fitness and suitable exercise methods. At the same time as paying attention to aerobic exercise, pay attention to muscle strength exercises and flexibility exercises, carry out capacity training, musculoskeletal system, and prevent falls. It is recommended that the elderly regularly measure blood pressure and blood sugar during exercise, and adjust the amount of exercise.
4. Special groups, such as pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, and the disabled, are advised to exercise under the guidance of doctors and sports professionals. Simple patients should reach the recommended amount of exercise for adults. To control your weight, you need to do more than 45 minutes of moderate and low-intensity exercise every day. In the process of weight loss, it is recommended to emphasize muscle strength exercises to avoid loss of muscle and bone weight. Advocate a combination of exercise and diet control to reduce weight.
5. Physical labor is the main group. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, avoid "overwork", and exercise to promote the overall development of the body. After working for a period of time, you can change to a relaxation exercise method to reduce muscle soreness and eliminate local pain, but the amount and intensity of exercise are too high.
1. Establish and improve fitness organizations around the masses. Sports associations will cover cities, counties, and townships, and individual sports associations will extend to the masses, allowing people who want to exercise to join sports organizations.
2. Hold all kinds of national fitness competitions and implement popularization plans for mass winter sports. Develop fitness programs with Chinese characteristics, and carry out ethnic, folk, and folk sports activities. Promote and popularize traditional sports such as Tai Chi and Health Qigong. Promote national fitness into the family. Promote and popularize radio gymnastics gymnastics. Implement national physical exercise standards and sports level standards.
3. Carry forward the fitness culture around the masses, produce sports-themed film and television, and animation works, encourage the development of voluntary fitness services for the whole people, popularize knowledge of sports and fitness culture, and enhance fitness awareness.
4. Encourage the determination of national physique to be included in the physical examination items. Medical and health institutions at all levels carry out exercise risk assessment and provide fitness programs or exercise promotion and guidance services.
1. Promote the construction of the basic public sports service system, coordinate the construction of fitness facilities for all, build a number of sports parks and community fitness centers, promote the construction of urban jogging paths, and strive to create a "15-minute fitness circle" around the people, so that There is a place for those who want to exercise. Improve financial subsidies, service charges, social participation in management and operation, and safety and security measures, promote the opening of public sports facilities for free or for a fee, and ensure that public sports venues and facilities and sports venues and facilities of enterprises and institutions that meet the opening conditions are all open to the society. Encourage social forces to organize or participate in the management and operation of sports facilities. (The General Administration of Sports takes the lead, and the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
2. Build a scientific fitness system. Establish a method of promoting and guiding the movement of people, the environment, and physical conditions, and promote the formation of a "combination of physical and medical" disease management service model. Build a sports injury prevention, treatment and first aid system to improve the ability to prevent and treat sports injuries. Encourage and guide social sports instructors to provide scientific fitness guidance services to local people in fitness places to improve fitness effects and prevent sports injuries. (The General Administration of Sports takes the lead, and the Health Committee is responsible)
3. Formulate and implement a quality intervention plan for special populations. Encourage and support new workplaces to build fitness venues. Strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of the physical level of college students, and the physical level of college students will be included in the assessment and evaluation of colleges and universities. Ensure the time of physical education for college students, the form and content of physical exercise for college students. (The General Administration of Sports takes the lead, and the Ministry of Education and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
Tobacco smoke contains a variety of known carcinogens, and there is sufficient evidence that smoking can cause a variety of malignant tumors, as well as diseases of the respiratory system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. The World Health Organization reports that one out of every three smokers dies from smoking-related diseases, and the average life expectancy of smokers is shortened by 10 years. Tobacco harm has become one of the public health problems in the world today. To this end, the World Health Organization formulated the first international public health treaty – the "Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"). my country signed the "Convention" in 2003, approved by the National People's Congress in 2005, and officially entered into force in January 2006. There are more than 300 million smokers in my country, and there is an urgent need to prevent tobacco hazards. Smoking-related diseases cause more than 1 million deaths each year, and second-hand smoke exposure causes more than 100,000 deaths.
By 2022 and 2030, the smoking rate of people over the age of 15 will be lower than 24.5% and 20%; the proportion of the population protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws will reach 30% and above and 80% and above; Party and government organizations at all levels will be built into smoke-free institutions, A nationwide ban on smoking in indoor public places, indoor workplaces, and public transportation; businesses and businesses that sell tobacco to minors in violation of relevant laws and regulations, and issue tobacco advertisements are included in the "blacklist" of the social integrity system, and joint efforts are implemented in accordance with laws and regulations. discipline.
Advocate individuals to quit smoking, when is it too late; create a smoke-free family to protect family members from the harm of second-hand smoke; leading cadres, doctors and teachers play a leading role; encourage enterprises and units to introduce a comprehensive indoor smoke-free policy, and employees create a smoke-free working environment. Help employees quit smoking.
1. Fully understand the serious hazards of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure. Smokers go and try smoking. Smokers quit smoking, quit smoking, when late, drug treatment and nicotine replacement therapy can improve smoking cessation rates. Smoking is prohibited in smoking places.
2. Leading cadres, medical staff and teachers play a leading role. Leading cadres require the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council to play an exemplary role in the "Notice on Matters Concerning the Ban of Smoking in Public Places Leading by Leading Cadres" by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council. , Help patients to quit smoking; teachers are not allowed to smoke in front of students.
3. Create a smoke-free family, persuade family members to smoke or actively quit smoking, educate minors to smoke, and protect family members from the harm of second-hand smoke.
4. Prohibit smoking places to discourage others from smoking. Complain and report smoking behavior in places where smoking is prohibited according to law, and support the maintenance of a smoke-free environment.
1. Promote smoke-free culture and improve social civilization. Actively use the World No Tobacco Day, World Heart Day, and International Lung Cancer Day health theme days to carry out tobacco control publicity; advocate smoke-free weddings and smoke-free families.
2. Pay attention to the problem of smoking among young people, and create an environment away from tobacco for young people. Tobacco hazards and second-hand smoke hazards and tobacco control related knowledge are included in the education curriculum for primary and secondary school students. Minors sell cigarettes. Strengthen the construction of smoke-free schools.
3. Encourage enterprises and units to issue comprehensive indoor smoke-free regulations, create a smoke-free working environment for employees, and provide support for employees to quit smoking.
4. Give full play to the role of the neighborhood (village) committee and assist in obtaining tobacco control policies within the jurisdiction.
1. Gradually increase the proportion of the population covered by comprehensive smoke-free regulations, and implement a nationwide smoking ban in indoor public places, indoor workplaces and public transportation. Actively promote the construction of a smoke-free environment, and strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of tobacco control in public places. Party and government organizations at all levels will be built into smoke-free organizations. (The Health Commission takes the lead, and the Central Civilization Office and the Tobacco Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
2. Research and promote the comprehensive measures of taxation and price adjustment to improve tobacco control. (Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, and the Tobacco Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
3. Increase the intensity of publicity and education on tobacco control, strengthen the management of cigarette packaging labels, improve the content and form of tobacco hazard warnings, improve the effect of hazard warnings, and increase the public's awareness of tobacco hazards. Formulate and improve relevant technical standards and supervise their implementation. Restrict smoking scenes in film and television works. (The Health Commission takes the lead, and the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and the Tobacco Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
4. Establish and improve the smoking cessation service system, ask patients about their smoking history into outpatient consultations, and promote brief smoking cessation intervention services and the diagnosis and treatment of tobacco dependence diseases. Strengthen the publicity and promotion of smoking cessation services, so that many smokers know that they can get help in the process of quitting smoking. Create smoke-free hospitals and promote the comprehensive ban on smoking in hospitals. (Responsible for the Health Commission)
5. Fully implement the "Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China", increase the supervision and enforcement of tobacco advertisements, and strictly investigate and deal with illegal tobacco advertisements in mass media, public places, public transportation, and outdoors. Regulate tobacco promotion and sponsorship in accordance with the law. (The State Administration for Market Regulation, the Ministry of Transport, the National Railway Administration, and the Civil Aviation Administration are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
6. To comply with the requirements of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, accelerate the research and establishment of a sound tobacco product ingredient control and information disclosure system. Strengthen the independence and authority of national tobacco product supervision and monitoring, improve the tobacco product safety testing and evaluation system, ensure fairness and transparency, and protect the public's right to know and supervise. (The Health Commission, the State Administration for Market Regulation, and the Tobacco Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
7. Prohibit minors from selling tobacco products. Businesses that sell tobacco to minors who violate relevant laws and regulations, companies and businesses that publish tobacco advertisements, are included in the "blacklist" of the social integrity system, and joint punishment is implemented in accordance with laws and regulations. (The Health Commission, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the Tobacco Bureau, and the Ministry of Education are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
8. Strengthen the tobacco control work of professional institutions at all levels, appoint special personnel to be responsible for the organization and implementation of relevant work, and ensure funding. Establish a monitoring and evaluation system, conduct regular surveys on tobacco prevalence, and learn about tobacco use. (The Ministry of Finance and the Health Commission are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
Mental health is a state of reasonable cognition, emotional stability, behavior, interpersonal relationship, and adaptation to changes in the process of human growth and development, and is a component part. At present, the number of people with mental disorders and psychological and behavioral problems in our country is increasing, and vicious cases (incidents) caused by personal extreme emotions occur from time to time. The prevalence of depression in my country is 2.1%, and the prevalence of disorders is 4.98%. As of the end of 2017, there were 5.81 million people with mental disorders registered nationwide. At the same time, the awareness rate of mental disorders and psychological and behavioral problems among the public is still low, and there is a lack of prevention and treatment knowledge and awareness of seeking medical treatment actively. Some patients and their families have a sense of stigma. Strengthening mental health promotion can help promote social and interpersonal relationships and improve public well-being.
By 2022 and 2030, the mental health literacy level of residents will increase to 20% and 30%; the prevalence of insomnia, disorder, and depression will slow down; the psychiatric practice (assistant) physicians per 100,000 population will reach 3.3 and 4.5; the treatment rate of depression increased by 30% and 80% on the existing basis; the registered treatment rate of schizophrenia reached 80% and 85%; the standardized management rate of registered patients with mental disorders reached 80% and 85%; Mental health medical institutions, community rehabilitation institutions, social organizations, and families connect with the community rehabilitation service system for mental disorders, establish and improve mental health education, psychological hotline services, psychological assessment, psychological counseling, psychotherapy, and psychiatric treatment. Psychological assistance service model.
Advocate adults to sleep for 7-8 hours a day; encourage individuals to correctly understand symptoms and symptoms, and master basic emotional management and stress management self-psychological methods; all kinds of clinical medical personnel actively master mental health knowledge and skills, and apply them in clinical diagnosis and treatment activities.
1. Improve mental health awareness and pursue mind and body. Everyone may encounter a variety of mental health problems in their life. Actively learn and understand mental health knowledge, scientifically understand the mutual influence between mental health and physical health, maintain positive emotions, and avoid continuous negative emotions caused by physical health. Advocate the concept of cultivating morality and health, maintain the neutral way, and improve psychological resilience. In the treatment of physical diseases, we must pay attention to the role of psychological factors.自我不能缓解时，可选择寻求心理咨询心理治疗，及时疏导情绪，预防心理行为问题和精神障碍发生。
3.重视睡眠。每天保证睡眠时间，工作、学习、娱乐、休息要作息规律进行，注意起居。了解睡眠不足和睡眠问题带来心理影响，出现睡眠不足及时设法弥补，出现睡眠问题及时就医。要专业指导下用科学方法改善睡眠，服用药物需遵医嘱。
4.培养科学运动习惯。选择并培养适合自己运动，积极发挥运动情绪调节作用，出现情绪困扰时，可结合运动促进情绪缓解。
5.正确认识、情绪问题。出现心情压抑、愉悦感缺乏、兴趣丧失，伴有精力下降、食欲下降、睡眠障碍、自我评价下降、未来感到悲观失望表现，有自伤、自杀念头或行为，持续存在2周以上，可能患有障碍；突然或莫名其妙地感到、害怕、恐惧，伴有、出汗、头晕、口干、呼吸躯体症状，时有濒死感、失控感，如发生，可能患有障碍。一过性或短期、情绪，可自我或心理咨询予以缓解和消除，不用过分担心。障碍、障碍可以药物、心理干预或两者相结合方式治疗。
6.出现心理行为问题要及时求助。可以医院相关科室、专业心理咨询机构和社会工作服务机构寻求专业帮助。要认识到求助于专业人员既等于自己有病，等于病情严重，而是负责任、有能力表现。
7.精神疾病治疗要遵医嘱。诊断精神疾病，要去精神专科医院或综合医院专科门诊。确诊后应及时接受治疗，听从医生建议选择住院治疗或门诊治疗，主动执行治疗方案，遵照医嘱全程、不间断、量服药，病情得到控制后，减药、停药。门诊复诊，及时、地向医生反馈治疗情况，听从医生指导。精神类药物医生指导下使用，不得自行任意服用。
8.关怀和理解精神疾病患者，减少歧视。学习了解精神疾病基本知识，知道精神疾病是可以预防和治疗，精神病人，歧视患者。要认识到精神疾病得到治疗后，可以缓解和康复，可以承担家庭功能工作职能。要精神疾病患者及其家属、照护者提供支持性环境，提高患者心理行为技能，使其获得自我价值感。
9.关注家庭成员心理状况。家庭成员之间要沟通交流，家庭成员心理需求。家庭成员发生矛盾时，采用过激言语或行为，冷漠回避，而是要积极沟通加以解决。及时疏导不良情绪，营造相互理解、相互信任、相互支持、关爱家庭氛围和融洽家庭关系。
1.各级各类医疗机构和专业心理健康服务机构发现存在心理行为问题个体，提供规范诊疗服务，减轻患者心理痛苦，促进患者康复。医务人员应对身体疾病，是癌症、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、消化系统疾病患者及其家属辅以心理调整。鼓励医疗机构开展睡眠相关诊疗服务，提供科学睡眠指导，减少成年人睡眠问题发生。专业人员可指导使用运动方案辅助治疗、心理行为问题。鼓励相关社会组织、高等院校、科研院所、医疗机构心理健康从业人员开展服务技能和伦理道德培训，提升服务能力。
4.鼓励服务相关企业结合老年人身心特点，大力开展养生、体检、咨询管理、体质测定、体育健身、运动康复、旅游多样化服务。
3.各机关、企事业单位、高校和其他用人单位心理健康教育融入员工（学生）思想政治工作，鼓励依托本单位党团、工会、人力资源部门、卫生室设立心理健康辅导室并建立心理健康服务团队，或购买服务形式，员工（学生）提供宣传、心理评估、教育培训、咨询辅导服务，传授情绪管理、压力管理自我心理方法和、心理行为问题识别方法，员工（学生）主动寻求心理健康服务创造条件。处于时期、岗位，或经历突发事件员工（学生），及时进行心理疏导和援助。
4.鼓励老年大学、老年活动中心、基层老年协会、妇女家、残疾人康复机构及有资质社会组织宣传心理健康知识。培训专兼职社会工作者和心理工作者，引入社会力量，空巢、丧偶、失能、老年人，留守妇女儿童，残疾人和计划生育家庭成员提供心理辅导、情绪疏解、抚慰、家庭关系心理健康服务。
3.加大应用型心理健康工作人员培养力度，推进高等院校开设相关专业。加强心理健康工作人员培养和使用制度建设，积极设立心理健康服务岗位。支持精神卫生医疗机构能力建设，完善人事薪酬分配制度，体现心理治疗服务劳务价值。心理健康工作人员纳入专业技术岗位设置管理体系，职业发展渠道。（教育部、财政部、人力资源社会保障部、卫生委、医保局职责分工负责）
4.各级政法、卫生部门会同公安、民政、司法行政、残联单位建立精神卫生综合管理机制，多渠道开展精神障碍患者发现、登记、随访、危险性评估、服药指导服务，动员社区组织、患者家属参与居家患者管理服务。建立精神卫生医疗机构、社区康复机构及社会组织、家庭衔接精神障碍社区康复服务体系，加强精神卫生医疗机构社区康复机构技术指导。到2030年底，80%以上县（市、区）开展社区康复服务，开展精神障碍社区康复县（市、区），60%以上居家患者接受社区康复服务。鼓励和引导举办精神障碍社区康复机构或政府购买服务方式委托社会组织提供精神卫生社区康复服务。（中央政法委、公安部、民政部、司法部、卫生委、中国残联职责分工负责）
5.重视并开展心理危机干预和心理援助工作。卫生、政法、民政单位建立和完善心理健康教育、心理热线服务、心理评估、心理咨询、心理治疗、精神科治疗衔接合作心理危机干预和心理援助服务模式。心理危机干预和心理援助纳入各类突发事件应急预案和技术方案，加强心理危机干预和心理援助队伍专业化、系统化建设。相关部门推动建立公众提供公益服务心理援助热线，专业人员接听，来电者开展心理健康教育、心理咨询和心理危机干预，降低来电者自杀或风险。（卫生委牵头，中央政法委、公安部、民政部职责分工负责）
环境是人民群众保障。影响环境因素不仅包括物理、化学和生物自然环境因素，包括社会环境因素。环境污染成为不容忽视危险因素，环境污染相关心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和恶性肿瘤问题日益。我国每年死亡人数68万人，占死亡总人数7%。目前主要有道路交通事故、跌倒、自杀、溺水、中毒，其导致死亡占全部死亡84%左右。需要继续发挥爱国卫生运动组织优势，社会动员，融入城乡规划、建设、治理全过程，建立国家环境风险评估制度，推进城市和村镇建设，打造环境。
到2022年和2030年，居民饮用水水质达标情况明显改善并持续改善；居民环境素养水平达到15%及以上和25%及以上；大力推进城乡生活垃圾分类处理，重点城市基本建成生活垃圾分类处理系统。
提倡积极实施垃圾分类并及时，固体废弃物主动投放到相应回收地点及设施中；防治室内空气污染，提倡绿色装饰，做好室内油烟排风，提高家居环境水平；学校、医院、车站、大型商场、电影院人员密集地方应定期开展火灾、地震自然灾害及突发事件应急演练；提高自身防护意识和能力，学会识别危险标识、化学品安全标签及环境保护图形标志。
1.提高环境素养。主动学习掌握环境素养基本理念、基本知识和基本技能，遵守生态环境行为规范，提升生态环境保护意识、防护意识和能力。
2.维护环境卫生，抵制环境污染行为。家庭成员养成环境卫生习惯，及时、主动开展家庭环境卫生，做到家庭卫生，光线、通风、厕所卫生。维护社区、单位环境卫生，改善生活生产环境。积极实施垃圾分类并及时，固体废弃物（废电池、废日光灯管、废水银温度计、过期药品）主动投放到相应回收地点及设施中，减少污染物扩散及环境影响。减少烟尘排放，尽量避免垃圾秸秆焚烧，放或不放烟花爆竹，污染天气时禁止露天烧烤；发现污染生态环境行为，及时劝阻或举报。
3.倡导、绿色碳、生活方式。优先选择绿色产品，购买耐用品，购买使用塑料袋、发泡塑料饭盒、塑料管等易造成污染用品，购买使用过度包装产品，跟风购买更新换代电子产品，外出自带购物袋、水杯。使用空调，冬季设置温度高于20摄氏度，夏季设置温度低于26摄氏度。及时关闭电器电源，减少待机耗电。坚持碳出行，优先步行、骑行或公共交通出行，多使用共享交通工具。
4.关注室（车）内空气污染。购买带有绿色标志装饰装修材料、家具及节能标识家电产品。新装修房间定期通风换气，降低装饰装修材料造成室内空气污染。烹饪、取暖提倡使用能源（如气体燃料和电）。烹饪过程中提倡使用排气扇、抽油烟机设备。购买和使用符合有害物质限量标准家用化学品。定期家中饲养宠物及宠物用品进行，及时倾倒室内垃圾，避免微生物滋生。天气变化和空气质量适时通风换气，污染天气时应关闭门窗，减少室外空气污染物进入室内，有条件建议开启空气净化装置或新风系统。鼓励实际需要，选购排量汽车，进行非必要车内装饰，注意通风并及时清洗车用空调系统。
5.做好户外防护。污染天气时，建议尽量减少户外停留时间，感人群停止户外活动。如外出，需做好防护。
6.重视道路交通安全。严格遵守交通法规，增强交通出行规则意识、安全意识和文明意识，驾驶、超速行驶、酒后驾驶，具备应急处理能力。正确使用安全带，儿童年龄、身高和体重合理使用安全座椅，减少交通事故发生。
7.预防溺水。建议选择管理规范游泳场所，提倡天然水域游泳，下雨时室外游泳。建议下水前认真做准备活动，以免下水后发生肌肉痉挛问题。水中活动时，要避免打闹、跳水危险行为。避免儿童接近危险水域，儿童游泳时，要有成人带领或有组织地进行。加强看护，不能儿童留在卫生间、浴室、开放水源。
1.制定社区公约和守则行为规范，大力开展讲卫生、树新风、陋习活动。加强社区基础设施和生态环境建设，营造设施完备、有序、美丽宜居、安全社区环境。建立宣传栏、橱窗教育窗口，设立社区自助检测点，配备血压计、血糖仪、腰围尺、体重仪、体重指数（BMI）尺、膳食图，鼓励引导志愿者参与，指导社区居民形成生活方式。用人单位充分考虑劳动者需要，劳动者提供支持性环境。完善家庭标准，文明生活方式以及体重、油、盐、糖、血压、近视控制情况纳入“五文明家庭”评选标准，引导家庭成员主动学习掌握知识和技能，居家，家庭和睦，提高自我管理能力。
2.企业主动提升环保意识，合理确定环境保护指标目标，建立环保监测制度，并且管理维护污染治理装置，污染物排放符合环保标准。涉及危险化学品生产、运输、储存、销售、使用、废弃物处置，企业要安全生产主体责任，强化危险化学品全过程管理。鼓励发展安全、节能、环保汽车产品。
3.鼓励企业建立消费品有害物质限量披露及质量安全事故监测和报告制度，提高装饰装修材料、日用化学品、儿童玩具和用品消费品安全标准，减少消费品造成。
4.公共场所应定期清洗集中空调和新风系统。健身娱乐场所建议安装新风系统或空气净化装置，污染天气时，应人员情况及时开启净化装置补充新风。公共游泳场所定期消毒、换水，保证人群环境中活动。气候、环境公共场所张贴预防跌倒、触电、溺水警示标识，减少和跌倒致残，预防意外事故所致一氧化碳、氨气、氯气、消毒杀虫剂中毒。
5.人群，编制环境手册，宣传和普及环境基本理念、基本知识和基本技能，分类制定发布环境污染防护指南、公共场所和室内环境指南。
6.经常性公众进行防灾减灾、突发事件应对知识和技能传播和培训，提高自救和互救能力。学校、医院人员密集地方应定期开展火灾、地震自然灾害及突发事件应急演练。
1.制定社区、单位（企业）、学校细胞工程建设规范和评价指标。建立完善城乡监测评价体系，定期组织开展第三方评估，打造卫生城镇升级版。（卫生委牵头，教育部、民政部职责分工负责）
3.深入开展大气、水、土壤污染防治。修订《中国公民环境素养（试行）》，开展公民环境素养提升和科普宣传工作。（生态环境部牵头，发展改革委、科技部、工业和信息化部、自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、水利部、农业农村部、卫生委职责分工负责）
4.加大饮用水工程设施投入、管理和维护，保障饮用水安全。加强城市公共安全基础设施建设，加大固体废弃物回收设施投入，加强废弃物分类处置管理。加强城乡公共消防设施建设和维护管理，合理规划和建设应急避难场所，加强应急物资储备体系建设。提高企业、医院、学校、大型商场、文体娱乐场所人员密集区域防灾抗灾及应对突发事件能力。完善医疗机构无障碍设施。（发展改革委、生态环境部、住房城乡建设部、水利部、文化和旅游部、卫生委、应急部、体育总局职责分工负责）
5.组织实施交通安全生命防护工程，提高交通安全技术标准，加强交通安全隐患治理，减少交通事件发生。（交通运输部牵头，工业和信息化部、公安部、国家铁路局、民航局职责分工负责）
6.加强装饰装修材料、日用化学品、儿童玩具和用品消费品安全性评价，完善产品监测体系，提高相关标准，加强消费品绿色安全认证，建立消费品质量安全事故强制报告制度，加强召回管理力度，强化重点领域质量安全监管。（市场监管总局牵头，工业和信息化部、住房城乡建设部职责分工负责）
7.复合污染影响和污染防护重点开展攻关研究，着力研发一批关键核心技术，指导公众做好防护。（卫生委牵头，科技部、生态环境部、气象局职责分工负责）
妇幼是全民基础。时期妇幼面临挑战。出生缺陷不仅影响儿童生命和生活质量，而且影响人口素质。生育政策调整完善，生育需求释放，危孕产妇比例有所增加，保障母婴安全压力增大。生育全程服务覆盖，宫颈癌和乳腺癌高发态势仍扭转，儿童早期发展亟需加强，妇女儿童健康状况城乡之间、区域之间存在差异，妇幼服务供给能力有待提高。实施妇幼促进行动，是保护妇女儿童权益，促进妇女儿童全面发展、维护生殖举措，有助于源头和基础上提高国民水平。
到2022年和2030年，婴儿死亡率控制7.5‰及以下和5‰及以下；5岁以下儿童死亡率控制9.5‰及以下和6‰及以下；孕产妇死亡率下降到18/10万及以下和12/10万及以下；产前筛查率达到70%及以上和80%及以上；新生儿遗传代谢性疾病筛查率达到98%及以上；新生儿听力筛查率达到90%及以上；先天性心脏病、唐氏综合征、耳聋、神经管缺陷、地中海贫血出生缺陷得到控制；7岁以下儿童管理率达到85%以上和90%以上；农村适龄妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌（以下简称“两癌”）筛查覆盖率达到80%及以上和90%及以上。
提倡适龄人群主动学习掌握出生缺陷防治和儿童早期发展知识；主动接受婚前医学检查和孕前优生健康检查；倡导0～6个月婴儿母乳喂养，6个月以上婴儿适时合理添加辅食。
1.积极准备，孕育生命。主动了解妇幼保健和出生缺陷防治知识，充分认识怀孕和分娩是人类繁衍生理过程，建议做到有计划、有准备。积极参加婚前、孕前健康检查，选择最佳生育年龄，孕前3个月孕后3个月补充叶酸。预防感染、戒烟戒酒、避免接触有毒有害物质和放射线。
2.定期产检，保障母婴安全。发现怀孕要到医疗卫生机构建档建册，进行妊娠风险筛查评估，风险管理要求主动接受孕产期保健服务，掌握孕产期自我保健知识和技能。孕期接受5次产前检查（孕早期1次，孕中期2次，孕晚期2次），有异常情况者建议遵医嘱增加检查次数，首次产前检查建议做艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝检查，定期接受产前筛查。35岁以上孕妇属于高龄孕妇，高龄危孕妇建议及时到有资质医疗机构接受产前诊断服务。怀孕期间，如果出现情况，建议去医疗卫生机构就诊。孕妇宜及时住院分娩，提倡分娩，减少非医学需要剖宫产。孕妇宜保证合理膳食，营养，维持合理体重。保持积极心态，放松心情有助于预防孕期和产后。产后3～7天和42天主动接受社区医生访视，并结合自身情况，选择避孕措施。
3.科学养育，促进儿童健康成长。强化儿童家长儿童第一责任人理念，提高儿童家长素养。母乳是婴儿理想天然食物，孩子出生后开始母乳喂养，母乳喂养6个月，6个月后婴儿补充富含铁泥糊状食物，1岁以下婴儿食用鲜奶。了解儿童发展特点，理性看待孩子间差异，每个孩子自身发展节奏和特点，理解并孩子情绪和需求，儿童提供安全、有益、成长环境。避免儿童压力过、缺乏运动、缺乏社交因素影响大脑发育，妨碍心理成长。发现儿童心理行为问题，不要过于或过分忽视，建议及时专业人员咨询、求助。避免儿童发生摔伤、烧烫伤、窒息、中毒、触电、溺水、动物抓咬。
4.加强保健，预防儿童疾病。做好儿童管理，免疫规划程序进行预防接种。接受苯丙酮尿症、先天性甲状腺功能减低症和听力障碍新生儿疾病筛查和视力、听力、智力、肢体残疾及孤独症筛查0～6岁儿童残疾筛查，筛查阳性者需主动接受随访、确诊、治疗和干预。3岁以下儿童应到乡镇卫生院或社区卫生服务中心接受8次健康检查，4～6岁儿童每年应接受一次健康检查。
5.关爱女性，促进生殖。建议女性提高生殖意识和能力，主动获取青春期、生育期、更年期和老年期保健相关知识，注意经期卫生，熟悉生殖道感染、乳腺疾病和宫颈癌妇女常见疾病症状和预防知识。建议家属加强时期妇女心理关怀。掌握避孕方法知情选择，知晓各种避孕方法，了解自己使用避孕方法注意事项。认识到促进生殖个人、家庭和社会影响，增强性道德、性健康、性安全意识，拒绝安全性行为，避免妊娠、过早生育以及性相关疾病传播。
1.完善妇幼服务体系，实施妇幼和计划生育服务保障工程，中西部和贫困地区重点，加强妇幼保健机构基础设施建设，确保省、市、县三级有1所标准化妇幼保健机构。加强儿科、产科、助产急需人才培养，增强岗位吸引力。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、教育部、财政部、人力资源社会保障部职责分工负责）
3.大力普及妇幼科学知识，推广婚姻登记、婚前医学检查和生育指导“一站式”服务模式。做好人工流产后避孕服务，规范产后避孕服务，提高免费避孕药具发放服务可及性。加强女职工劳动保护，避免准备怀孕和孕期、哺乳期妇女接触有毒有害物质和放射线。推动建设孕妇休息室、母婴室设施。（卫生委牵头，民政部、全国总工会、全国妇联职责分工负责）
4.拟生育家庭提供科学备孕及生育力评估指导、孕前优生服务，生育困难夫妇提供不孕不育诊治，指导科学备孕。国家免费孕前优生健康检查，推动城乡居民覆盖。广泛开展产前筛查，普及产前筛查技术，规范应用高通量基因测序技术，实现怀孕妇女孕28周前情况下接受１次产前筛查。高发省份深入开展地中海贫血防控项目，扩大覆盖范围。确诊先天性心脏病、唐氏综合征、神经管缺陷、地中海贫血出生缺陷病例，及时给予医学指导和建议。（卫生委牵头，财政部职责负责）
5.妊娠风险筛查评估、危专案管理、重症救治、孕产妇死亡个案报告和约谈通报5项制度，加强危重孕产妇和新生儿救治保障能力建设，救治会诊、转诊机制。孕产妇和新生儿按规定参加基本医疗保险、大病保险，并按规定享受相关待遇，符合条件可享受医疗救助补助政策。早产儿进行专案管理，贫困地区开展新生儿安全项目。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、财政部、医保局职责分工负责）
6.全面开展新生儿疾病筛查，加强筛查阳性病例随访、确诊、治疗和干预，提高确诊病例治疗率，扩大新生儿疾病筛查病种范围。继续开展先天性结构畸形和遗传代谢病救助项目，聚焦多发、可筛可治、技术、、费用可控出生缺陷重点病种，开展筛查、诊断、治疗和救助全程服务试点。建立新生儿及儿童致残性疾病和出生缺陷筛查、诊断、干预一体化工作机制。（卫生委牵头，财政部、中国残联职责分工负责）
7.做实0～6岁儿童管理，规范开展新生儿访视，指导家长做好新生儿喂养、护理和疾病预防。实施婴幼儿喂养策略，创新爱婴医院管理，贫困地区儿童营养改善项目覆盖到所有贫困县。引导儿童科学饮食，加强体育锻炼，实现儿童综合预防和干预。加强托幼机构卫生保健业务指导和监督工作。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、教育部职责分工负责）
8.加强儿童早期发展服务，结合实施基本公共卫生服务项目，推动儿童早期发展均等化，促进儿童早期发展服务进农村、进社区、进家庭，探索农村儿童早期发展服务内容和模式。提高婴幼儿照护可及性。完善残疾儿童康复救助制度。加强残疾人专业康复机构、康复医疗机构和基层医疗康复设施、人才队伍建设，衔接协作机制，提高康复保障水平。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、教育部、财政部、全国妇联、中国残联职责分工负责）
9.贫困地区重点，扩大农村妇女“两癌”筛查项目覆盖面，继续实施预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播项目，实现消除艾滋病母婴传播目标。肺炎、腹泻、贫血、哮喘、龋齿、视力、心理行为问题等为重点，推广儿童疾病综合管理技术。（卫生委牵头，财政部、全国妇联职责分工负责）
10.提供妇幼保健服务医疗机构积极推广应用中医药技术和方法，开展中成药合理使用和培训。扩大中医药孕育调养、产后康复方面应用。充分发挥中医药儿童医疗保健服务中作用。加强妇女儿童疾病诊疗中西医临床协作，提高疑难病、急危重症诊疗水平。（中医药局牵头，卫生委职责负责）
中小学生处于成长发育关键阶段。加强中小学促进，增强青少年体质，是促进中小学生健康成长和全面发展需要。2014年中国学生体质调研结果，我国7～18岁城市男生和女生检出率11.1%和5.8%，农村男生和女生检出率7.7%和4.5%。2018年全国儿童青少年总体近视率为53.6%。其中，6岁儿童14.5%，小学生36.0%，初中生71.6%，高中生81.0%。中小学生、近视问题突出。
此外，成长发育，中小学生自我意识增强，认知、情感、意志、个性发展，人生观、世界观、价值观形成。因此，在此期间保护、积极促进其身心健康成长意义。
到2022年和2030年，国家学生体质标准达标优良率达到50%及以上和60%及以上；全国儿童青少年总体近视率力争每年降低0.5个百分点以上和新发近视率下降；小学生近视率下降到38%以下；符合要求中小学体育课程开课率达到100%；中小学生每天校内体育活动时间1小时；学校眼保健操普及率达到100%；寄宿制中小学校或600名学生以上非寄宿制中小学校配备专职卫生专业技术人员、600名学生以下非寄宿制中小学校配备专兼职保健教师或卫生专业技术人员比例达到70%及以上和90%及以上；卫生专业技术人员学校应当地政府统一建立基层医疗卫生机构包片制度，实现中小学校覆盖；配备专兼职心理健康工作人员中小学校比例达到80%以上和90%以上；学生体质情况纳入学校绩效考核，学校负责人奖惩挂钩，高中体育科目纳入高中学业水平测试或高考综合评价体系；鼓励高校探索类型招生中增设体育科目测试。
提倡中小学生每天校外接触自然光时间1小时以上；小学生、初中生、高中生每天睡眠时间10、9、8个小时；中小学生非学习目的使用电子屏幕产品超过15分钟，每天累计超过1小时；学校鼓励引导学生达到《国家学生体质标准》及以上水平。
1.科学运动。保证体育活动，减少久坐和视屏（观看电视，使用电脑、手机）时间。课间休息，要离开座位适量活动。每天累计1小时中等强度及以上运动，培养运动习惯。
2.注意眼卫生。主动学习掌握科学眼护眼知识，养成眼习惯。保持正确读写姿势。握笔指尖离笔尖一寸、胸部离桌子一拳，书本离眼一尺，保持读写坐姿端正。读写要采光、照明环境中进行。白天学习时，充分利用光线照明，避免光线直射桌面上。晚上学习时，同时打开台灯和房间大灯。读写眼时间超过40分钟。减少电子屏幕产品使用。避免眼行为，走路、吃饭、躺卧时，晃动车厢内，光线或阳光直射下看书或使用电子屏幕产品。自我感觉视力发生变化时，及时告知家长和教师，到眼科医疗机构检查和治疗。
3.保持体重。学会选择食物和合理搭配食物生活技能。每天吃早餐，合理选择零食，两餐之间可选择适量水果、坚果或酸奶食物作为零食。足量饮水，首选白开水，喝或喝含糖饮料。自我监测身高、体重生长发育指标，发现、科学判断是否出现超重、问题。
4.了解传染病防控知识，增强体质，预防传染病，是预防呼吸道传染病。
5.掌握科学应对方法，促进心理健康。保持积极向上健康心理状态，积极参加文体活动和社会实践。了解不良情绪影响，掌握调控情绪基本方法。正确认识心理问题，学会积极暗示，宣泄，可以深呼吸或找朋友倾诉、写日记、画画、踢球方式，心中郁积不良情绪如痛苦、委屈、愤怒发泄出去，可父母、老师、朋友寻求帮助，可主动接受心理辅导（心理咨询治疗）。
7.保证睡眠，熬夜。科学耳、注意保护听力。早晚刷牙、饭后漱口，采用正确刷牙方法，每次刷牙2分钟。发生龋齿及时提醒家长陪同就医。吸烟，拒吸二手烟，帮助家长戒烟。增强自身安全防范意识，掌握防范知识技能，预防交通、校园暴力、溺水、性骚扰性侵害。远离安全性行为。任何理由尝试毒品。
1.亲子读书、参与讲座多种方式给予孩子知识，以身作则，带动和帮助孩子形成行为，合理饮食，规律作息，每天锻炼。
2.注重教养方式方法，既溺爱孩子，对待孩子。做孩子倾听者，帮助孩子正确面对问题、处理问题，关注孩子心理健康。
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3.保障孩子睡眠时间，确保小学生每天睡眠10个小时、初中生9个小时、高中生8个小时，减少孩子近距离眼和看电子屏幕时间。
4.营造家庭体育运动氛围，积极引导孩子进行户外活动或体育锻炼，确保孩子每天校外接触自然光时间达到1小时以上。鼓励支持孩子参加校外多种形式体育活动，督促孩子认真完成寒暑假体育作业，使其掌握1～2项体育运动技能，引导孩子养成锻炼习惯。
5.建议家长陪伴孩子时尽量减少使用电子屏幕产品。有意识地控制孩子是学龄前儿童使用电子屏幕产品，非学习目的电子屏幕产品使用超过15分钟，每天累计超过1小时，使用电子屏幕产品学习30～40分钟后，建议休息远眺放松10分钟，年龄，使用电子屏幕产品时间应越短。
6.切实减轻孩子家庭和校外学业负担，不要盲目参加课外培训、跟风报班，建议孩子合理选择。
7.保障营养质量。鼓励孩子挑食、偏食，孩子身体发育情况膳食，避免高糖、盐、高油食品摄入。
8.关注孩子健康状况，发现孩子出现疾病早期征象时，及时咨询专业人员或带其到医疗机构检查。
1.严格国家课程方案和课程标准组织安排教学活动，小学一二年级布置书面家庭作业，三六年级书面家庭作业完成时间不得超过60分钟，初中不得超过90分钟，高中阶段要合理安排作业时间。
2.全面推进义务教育学校免试就近入学覆盖。坚决控制义务教育阶段校内统一考试次数，小学一二年级每学期不得超过1次，其他年级每学期不得超过2次。
3.改善教学设施和条件，学生提供符合要求学习环境。加快消除“大班额”现象。每月调整学生座位，每学期学生课桌椅高度进行个性化调整，使其适应学生生长发育变化。
4.中小学校要严格组织全体学生每天上下午各做1次眼保健操。教师要教会学生掌握正确执笔姿势，督促学生读写时坐姿端正，监督并纠正学生读写姿势。教师发现学生出现看不清黑板、揉眼睛迹象时，要了解其视力情况。
5.强化体育课和课外锻炼，确保中小学生在校时每天1小时以上体育活动时间。严格国家体育课程标准，确保小学一二年级每周4课时，三六年级和初中每周3课时，高中阶段每周2课时。中小学校每天安排30分钟课间体育活动。有序组织和督促学生课间时到室外活动或远眺，防止学生持续眼。
6.学校教育阶段，设置相应体育教育课程，学生教授行为生活方式、疾病防控、心理健康、生长发育青春期保健、安全应急避险知识，提高学生素养，积极利用多种形式学生和家长开展教育。培训培养教育教师，开发和拓展教育课程资源。
7.指导学生科学规范使用电子屏幕产品，养成信息化环境下学习和眼卫生习惯。严禁学生个人手机、平板电脑电子屏幕产品带入课堂，带入学校要进行统一保管。使用电子屏幕产品开展教学时超过教学总时长30%，采用纸质作业。
8.加强医务室（卫生室、校医院、保健室）力量，标准配备校医和设备。加强中小学校重点传染病防治知识宣传和防控工作，严格学校入学体检和因病缺勤病因追查及登记制度，减少学校流行性感冒、结核病传染病聚集性疫情发生。严格学生体检制度，提醒身体健康状况有问题学生到医疗机构检查。加强学生营养管理和营养指导，开展学生营养教育，中小学校食堂禁止提供高糖食品，校园内限制销售含糖饮料并避免售卖盐、高糖及高脂食品，培养饮食行为习惯。
9.中小学校配备专兼职心理健康工作人员。关心留守儿童、流动儿童心理，学生提供及时心理干预。
1.研究修订《学校卫生工作条例》和《中小学教育指导纲要》，制定《学校食品安全和营养管理规定》，学校体育卫生发展制度和体系。制定学校标准，开展学校建设。深化学校体育、教育教学改革，全国中小学普遍开设体育教育课程。学生成长规律和特点，分阶段确定教育内容并纳入评价范围，做到教学计划、教学材料、课时、师资“四到位”，覆盖所有学生。（教育部牵头，卫生委职责分工负责）
2.加强现有中小学卫生保健机构建设，标准和要求强化人员和设备配备。保障师生在校用餐食品安全和营养，加强义务教育学校食堂建设。坚决治理规范校外培训机构，每年校外培训机构教室采光照明、课桌椅配备、电子屏幕产品达标情况开展覆盖专项检查。（教育部牵头，卫生委职责负责）
4.积极引导支持社会力量开展各类儿童青少年体育活动，有针对性地开展各类冬（夏）令营、训练营和体育赛事，吸引儿童青少年参加体育运动。（发展改革委、教育部、体育总局、共青团中央职责分工负责）
6.完善学生体检制度和学生体质监测制度。学校体育工作和学生体质健康状况纳入地方政府、教育行政部门和学校考核评价体系，学校负责人奖惩挂钩。学生知识、急救知识，是心肺复苏纳入考试内容，知识、急救知识掌握程度和体质测试情况作为学校学生评优评先、毕业考核和升学指标，高中体育科目纳入高中学业水平测试或高考综合评价体系，鼓励高校探索类型招生中增设体育科目测试。（教育部牵头，卫生委职责负责）
我国是世界上劳动人口国家，2017年我国就业人口7.76亿人，占总人口55.8%，多数劳动者职业生涯超过其生命周期二分之一。工作场所接触各类危害因素引发职业问题，职业病防治形势严峻、，职业危害因素出现，疾病和工作压力导致生理、心理问题成为亟待应对职业挑战。实施职业保护行动，强化政府监管职责，督促用人单位主体责任，提升职业工作水平，预防和控制职业病危害，切实保障劳动者职业权益，维护全体劳动者身体健康、促进经济社会持续发展至关重要。
到2022年和2030年，劳动工时制度得到全面落实；工伤保险参保人数提升，并于2030年实现工伤保险法定人群参保全覆盖；接尘工龄5年劳动者发尘肺病报告例数占年度报告总例数比例实现下降并持续下降；辖区职业健康检查和职业病诊断服务覆盖率达到80%及以上和90%及以上；重点行业用人单位职业病危害项目申报率达到90%及以上；工作场所职业病危害因素检测率达到85%及以上，接触职业病危害劳动者岗期间职业健康检查率达到90%及以上；职业病诊断机构报告率达到95%及以上。
提倡重点行业劳动者本岗位主要危害及防护知识知晓率达到90%及以上并持续保持；鼓励各用人单位做好员工管理、评选“达人”，其中国家机关、学校、医疗卫生机构、国有企业用人单位应支持员工树立形象，并给予奖励；从事长时间、高强度用力、移动作业方式以及视屏作业人员，采取推广先进工艺技术、调整作息时间措施，预防和控制过度和工作相关肌肉骨骼系统疾病发生；采取综合措施降低或消除工作压力。
1.倡导工作方式。积极传播职业理念和文化。国家机关、学校、医疗卫生机构、国有企业单位员工树立形象，争做“达人”。
2.树立意识。积极参加职业培训，学习和掌握职业相关各项制度、标准，了解工作场所存在危害因素，掌握职业病危害防护知识、岗位操作规程、个人防护用品正确佩戴和使用方法。
3.强化法律意识，知法、懂法。遵守职业病防治法律、法规、规章。接触职业病危害劳动者，定期参加职业健康检查；罹患职业病劳动者，建议及时诊断、治疗，保护自己合法权益。
4.加强劳动过程防护。劳动者生产环境中长期接触粉尘、化学危害因素、放射性危害因素、物理危害因素、生物危害因素可能引起相关职业病。建议接触职业病危害因素劳动者注意各类危害防护，严格操作规程进行作业，并、正确地佩戴个人职业病防护用品。
5.提升应急处置能力。学习掌握现场急救知识和急性危害应急处置方法，能够做到正确自救、互救。
6.加强防暑降温措施。建议高温作业、高温天气作业劳动者注意预防中暑。可佩戴隔热面罩和穿着隔热、通风性能防热服，注意使用空调防暑降温设施进行降温。建议适量补充水、含食盐和水溶性维生素防暑降温饮料。
7.长时间伏案低头工作或前倾坐姿职业人群保护。应注意伸展活动方式缓解肌肉，避免颈椎病、肩周炎和腰背痛发生。伏案工作时，需注意保持正确坐姿，上身挺直；调整椅子，使双脚地平踩地面上。长时间使用电脑，工作时电脑仰角应使用者视线，过分低头或擡头，建议每隔1～2小时休息一段时间，远处眺望，活动腰部和颈部，做眼保健操和工间操。
8.教师、交通警察、医生、护士等以站姿作业为主职业人群保护。站立时，建议两腿交替使用，防止静脉曲张，建议走动方式保持腰部、膝盖放松，促进血液循环；长时间嗓，注意补充水分，常备润喉片，预防咽喉炎。
9.驾驶员长时间体位作业职业人群保护。建议合理安排作业时间，做到规律饮食，定量；保持正确作业姿势，座位调整位置，确保腰椎受力，并注意减少震动，避免颈椎病、肩周炎、骨质增生、坐骨神经疾病发生；作业期间注意间歇性休息，减少憋尿，严禁作业。
1.鼓励用人单位劳动者提供卫生、绿色环保、和人性化工作环境，采取综合预防措施，尽可能减少各类危害因素劳动者影响，切实保护劳动者权益。倡导用人单位评选“达人”，并给予奖励。
2.鼓励用人单位场所设置小贴士，单位职工提供免费测量血压、体重、腰围指标场所和设施，情况下，开会时间超过2小时安排休息10～15分钟。鼓励建立保护劳动者相关制度，如：工间操制度、健身制度、无烟单位制度。用人单位职工人数和职业风险程度，有关标准设置医务室、救援站、有毒气体防护站，配备急救箱装备。
3.新建、扩建、改建建设项目和技术改造、技术引进项目可能产生职业病危害，建设单位应当依法依规履行建设项目职业病防护措施“三同时”（即建设项目职业病防护设施主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用）制度。鼓励用人单位优先采用有利于防治职业病和保护员工新技术、新工艺、设备、材料，不得生产、经营、进口和使用国家明令禁止使用可能产生职业病危害设备或材料。长时间、高强度、用力、移动作业方式，采取工艺技术、调整作息时间措施，预防和控制过度和相关疾病发生。采取综合措施降低或消除工作压力，预防和控制其可能产生影响。
4.产生职业病危害用人单位应加强职业病危害项目申报、监测、定期检测评价，醒目位置设置公告栏，公布工作场所职业病危害因素检测结果和职业病危害事故应急救援措施内容，产生职业病危害作业岗位，应当其醒目位置，设置警示标识和中文警示说明。
5.产生职业病危害用人单位应建立职业病防治管理责任制，岗位责任体系，做到责任到位、投入到位、监管到位、防护到位、应急救援到位。用人单位应当存在危害因素，设置或者指定职业卫生管理机构，配备专兼职职业卫生管理人员，开展职业病防治、职业指导和管理工作。
6.用人单位应建立完善职业监护制度，依法组织劳动者进行职业健康检查，配合开展职业病诊断鉴定工作。女职工定期进行妇科疾病及乳腺疾病查治。
7.用人单位应规范劳动用工管理，依法劳动者签订劳动合同，中应明确劳动保护、劳动条件和职业病危害防护、女职工劳动保护及女职工禁忌劳动岗位内容。用人单位应当保证劳动者休息时间，依法安排劳动者休假，女职工产假、产前检查及哺乳时间，杜绝违法加班；要依法足额缴纳工伤保险费。鼓励用人单位组建指导人员队伍，开展职工指导和管理工作。
1.研究修订《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》法律法规，制修订职业病防治部门规章。梳理、分析、评估现有职业标准，防尘、防毒、防噪声、防辐射重点，强制性标准核心，研究制定、修订出台严格、国家职业标准和措施，完善职业病防治法规标准体系。加强新型职业危害研究识别、评价控制，组织开展相关调查，研究制定规范标准，提出防范措施，适时纳入法定管理，应对产业转型、技术可能产生职业问题。（卫生委牵头，科技部、司法部、市场监管总局职责分工负责）
2.研发、推广有利于保护劳动者新技术、新工艺、设备和材料。职业性尘肺病、噪声聋、化学中毒重点，矿山、建材、金属冶炼、化工行业领域开展专项治理。严格源头控制，引导职业病危害用人单位进行技术改造和转型升级。推动各行业协会制订并实施职业守则。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、科技部、工业和信息化部、国务院国资委职责分工负责）
3.完善职业病防治技术支撑体系，区域覆盖、合理配置原则，加强职业病防治机构建设，做到布局合理、功能。设区市有1家医疗卫生机构承担本辖区内职业病诊断工作，县级行政区域有1家医疗卫生机构承担本辖区职业健康检查工作。充分发挥各类职业病防治机构职业健康检查、职业病诊断和治疗康复、职业病危害监测评价、职业风险评估方面作用，分工协作、上下联动工作机制。加强专业人才队伍建设，鼓励高等院校扩大职业卫生及相关专业招生规模。推动企业职业管理队伍建设，提升企业职业管理能力。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、教育部、财政部、人力资源社会保障部职责分工负责）
4.加强职业监管体系建设，职业监管执法队伍，重点加强县（区）、乡镇（街道）基层执法力量，加强执法装备建设。加大用人单位监管力度，督促用人单位切实落实职业病防治主体责任。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、财政部职责分工负责）
5.农民工尘肺病切入点，加强劳务派遣用工单位职业病防治工作监督检查，优化职业病诊断程序和服务流程，提高服务质量。加入工伤保险尘肺病患者，加大保障力度；未参加工伤保险，按规定医疗保险、医疗救助保障其医疗保障合法权益。加强部门间信息共享利用，及时交流用人单位职业病危害、劳动者职业和工伤保险信息数据。（卫生委牵头，发展改革委、民政部、人力资源社会保障部、医保局职责分工负责）
7.“企业”建设作为城市建设内容，拓宽职业范围，积极研究工作压力、肌肉骨骼疾病职业病危害纳入保护范围。推进企业依法履行职业病防治相关法定责任和义务，营造企业文化，履行企业社会责任，保障劳动者和福祉。（卫生委牵头，人力资源社会保障部、国务院国资委、全国总工会、全国妇联职责分工负责）
我国是世界上老年人口国家。截至2018年底，我国60岁及以上老年人口约2.49亿，占总人口17.9%；65岁及以上人口1.67亿，占总人口11.9%。我国老年人整体健康状况不容乐观，近1.8亿老年人患有慢性病，患有一种及以上慢性病比例高达75%。失能、部分失能老年人4000万。开展老年促进行动，提高老年人水平、改善老年人生活质量、实现老龄化具有意义。
到2022年和2030年，65～74岁老年人失能发生率有所下降；65岁及以上人群老年期痴呆患病率增速下降；二级以上综合性医院设老年医学科比例达到50%及以上和90%及以上；三级中医医院设置康复科比例达到75%和90%；养老机构形式入住老年人提供医疗卫生服务比例、医疗机构老年人提供挂号就医服务绿色通道比例达到100%；加强社区日间照料中心社区养老机构建设，居家养老提供依托；建立支持家庭养老政策体系，支持成年子女和老年父母生活，推动夯实居家社区养老服务基础。
提倡老年人知晓核心信息；老年人参加定期体检，监测呼吸、脉搏、血压、大小便情况，接受家庭医生团队指导；鼓励和支持老年大学、老年活动中心、基层老年协会、有资质社会组织等为老年人组织开展活动；鼓励和支持社会力量参与、兴办居家养老服务机构。
1.改善营养状况。主动学习老年人膳食知识，精心设计膳食，选择营养食品，保证食物摄入量，吃足量鱼、虾、瘦肉、鸡蛋、牛奶、大豆及豆制品，多晒太阳，适量运动，有意识地预防营养缺乏，延缓肌肉衰减和骨质。老年人体重指数（BMI）全人群正常值一侧宜，老年人可采用多种方法增加食欲和进食量，吃三餐，合理加餐。消化能力明显降低老年人宜制作食物，少量多餐。
2.加强体育锻炼。选择自身体质和健康状况相适应运动方式，量力而行地进行体育锻炼。重视有氧运动同时，重视肌肉力量练习和柔韧性锻炼，进行能力锻炼，骨骼肌肉系统，预防跌倒。参加运动期间，建议身体健康状况及时调整运动量。
3.参加定期体检。监测呼吸、脉搏、血压、大小便情况，发现异常情况及时做好记录，时就诊。积极配合家庭医生团队完成健康状况评估、体格检查、辅助检查，了解自身脑、心、肺、胃、肝、肾主要器官功能情况，接受家庭医生团队指导。
4.做好病管理。患有慢性病老年人应树立战胜疾病信心，配合医生积极治疗，主动医生咨询慢性病自我管理知识、技能，并医生指导下，做好自我管理，延缓病情进展，减少并发症，学习并运用老年人中医饮食调养，改善生活质量。
5.促进精神。了解老年是生命一个过程，坦然面对老年生活身体和环境变化。多运动、多用脑、多参与社会交往，生活方式延缓、预防精神障碍和心理行为问题。老年人及其家属要了解老年期痴呆疾病有关知识，发现可疑症状及时到专业机构检查，做到发现、诊断、治疗。确诊老年人患有精神疾病，家属应注重患者关爱和照护，帮助患者积极遵循治疗训练方案。认知退化老年人，要照顾其饮食起居，防止走失。
6.注意安全用药。老年人共病发病率，且药物代谢、转化、排泄能力下降，发生药物不良反应。生病及时就医，医生指导下用药。主动监测用药情况，记录用药后主观感受和不良反应，复诊时及时医生反馈。
7.注重家庭支持。提倡家庭成员学习了解老年人维护相关知识和技能，照顾其饮食起居，关心关爱老年人心理、身体和行为变化情况，发现异常情况，及时安排就诊，并使家居环境保证足够照明亮度，地面采取防滑措施并保持，水池旁、马桶旁、浴室安装扶手，预防老年人跌倒。
1.全社会关注和关爱老年人，构建、孝社区环境，鼓励老年大学、老年活动中心、基层老年协会、有资质社会组织宣传心理健康知识，组织开展有益身心活动；培训专兼职社会工作者和心理工作者。引入社会力量，有需要老年人提供心理辅导、情绪疏解、抚慰心理健康服务。
4.鼓励服务相关企业结合老年人身心特点，大力开展养生、体检、咨询管理、体质测定、体育健身、运动康复、旅游多样化服务。
Further reading…
感谢大家过去一年交通运输工作关心和支持！希望一年里继续得到大家支持和帮助，我们大家提供服务，助力交通中国现代化开路先锋！
今天距离冬奥会开幕还有一周时间，我大家介绍冬奥会交通运输服务保障工作情况。
过去一年，我部牵头冬奥交通协调小组统筹推进冬奥交通筹办工作，全面完成冬奥专用道施划、临时交通场站建设、交通指挥中心建设、冬奥交通疫情防控指南制定重点任务。
冬奥会赛时运行体系工作部署要求，交通保障组统筹做好赛时交通组织、交通疏导、交通服务工作。
一是赛时交通指挥体系构建完成。“三个赛区、一个标准”“构建扁平化调度指挥体系”有关要求，北京冬奥组委属地加强融合，组建北京市冬奥交通保障指挥调度中心和张家口市冬奥交通保障指挥调度中心，实现组委会属地集中办公、一体化调度。
三是前期服务保障有力有序。1月4日20日，冬奥交通执行“闭环”管理，提前入境涉奥人员提供机场接驳和驻地往返场馆间专用班车、出租车、包车服务。1月21日起，正式涉奥人员提供交通服务。总体看，交通运行，服务保障有序。
下一步，我们聚焦开闭幕式、涉奥人员抵离、运动员转场关键环节，加强交通服务，确保防控到位、保障到位、服务到位、响应到位，举办一届、安全、精彩奥运盛会提供有力交通运输保障。
今天大家通报情况这些，下面进入提问环节。请提问前通报一下所在媒体，谢谢！
冬奥期间可能会发生大雪大风极端天气，交通运输环节应急处置上有哪些应对预案？
谢谢你提问！北京冬奥会和冬残奥会赛时正值冬春交替，出现降雪、道路结冰、浓雾、大风极端天气，做好极端天气应对处置保障北京冬奥会交通服务有序至关重要。
一是建立健全应急体系。组织京冀两地和铁路交通服务保障单位制定冬奥交通保障应急预案，并加强应急演练，构建冬奥交通保障突发事件应急处置机制。上周四1月20日，我部联合北京市人民政府开展了冬奥会极端天气综合交通保障应急联动演练，北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古五省区市交通运输部门参演，提升冬奥赛时交通应急处置水平。
二是加强协同联动。会同气象、应急部门做好降雪、浓雾、大风极端天气预警，确保信息及时、传递到位。加强冬奥赛事组织部门协同联动，赛事变化时，及时调整涉奥重点人员运输组织方案，避免人员大规模聚集和长时间等待。
三是做好通行保障。深入排查积雪结冰路段，设置保障路段备勤点55处，除雪保障人员1184人，储备除雪设备553台，融雪剂（液）1.8万余吨，确保应急人员待命，物资储备。降雪，及时做好铲冰除雪和通行管控。
四是强化安全管理。指导各运输服务保障单位开展驾驶员防御性驾驶、冰雪路面和山区道路驾驶技能培训，切实提升突发情况应急处置能力。
下一步，交通保障组将优化提升天气应对处置能力，全力做好赛时通行和涉奥人员运输服务保障。 Thanks!
冬奥期间，如何做好交通运输各环节疫情防控工作？
做好疫情防控是冬奥交通服务顺利进行保障。切实保障防疫安全，交通运输部北京冬奥组委、属地人民政府协作，闭环内外“分区重叠、流线交叉、界面管控、人员跨区”要求，全力做好疫情防控工作。
一是细化防疫要求。北京冬奥会疫情防控总体指导意见和工作方案要求，制定冬奥交通疫情防控方案和指南，细化闭环内外各类涉奥人员、交通运输各场景、各环节疫情防控措施。
二是压实防疫责任。建立完善防疫机制，防疫责任到负责人，加强各岗位人员是闭环内工作人员防疫培训，强化防疫演练，确保场站和交通运输工具一线从业人员熟知防疫要求。
三是防疫措施。指导交通运输服务保障单位交通场站、交通运输工具和邮政营业场所消毒通风、测温验码、个人防护各项防疫措施，加强闭环内人员“点对点、一站式”运输组织，坚决避免“脱环”“破环”现象。
四是强化疫情处置。时刻保持疫情应急处置体系在线，发生异常情况，及时做好人员信息登记、接触区域消杀、配合流调溯源工作。
自1月4日提前来华人员提供部分交通服务以来，冬奥交通疫情防控措施执行，服务保障规范有序。
下一步，我们冬奥会疫情防控总体要求，聚焦开闭幕式、人员抵离、跨赛区转运、运动员转场关键环节，统筹做好交通运输疫情防控和运输服务工作，全力保障涉冬奥人员交通环节安全，冬奥会安全顺利举办提供有力保障。
我们注意到，交通运输部近些年持续推进公路安全生命防护工程建设，请问进展情况如何？下一步有何推进措施？
国务院决策部署，我部2015年开始实施乡道及以上公路安全生命防护工程，并6年其纳入“交通运输贴近民生实事”，社会作出公开承诺。2015年2020年6年间，我部累计投入车购税补助资金545亿元、带动社会总投资1224亿元，实施乡道及以上公路安全生命防护工程103.5万公里，顺利完成“十三五”期公路安全生命防护工程规划任务目标（82.7万公里），全面完善了普通公路是县乡公路交通安全设施，建立健全了公路安全工作机制和制度措施，改善了行车安全保障条件，有力促进了全国公路交通安全形势总体。
2021年，我部村道重点，继续推进农村公路安全生命防护工程建设，将村道安全生命防护工程纳入车购税资金“奖代补”支持范围和考核因素，并纳入党史学习教育“我群众办实事”项目重点推进，指导地方主体责任，加大资金投入，提升安全保障能力。2021年全国累计完成农村公路安全生命防护工程8.11万公里，其中村道安全生命防护工程6.11万公里。
下一步，我部将持续提升公路安全保障水平。我部将公安部联合开展“公路安全设施和交通秩序管理精细化提升行动”，交通安全设施和交通秩序管理并重，“硬件”和“软件”提升，突出系统治理、综合治理、精准治理，提升公路交通安全水平，让人民群众出行安全、放心、。
过去一年，交通运输行业坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记安全生产论述，认真落实党中央、国务院决策部署，全力保障了活动、重点时段安全。2021年全年公路水路安全生产事故起数和死亡失踪人数同比下降了7.2%、6.4%，保持了交通运输行业安全生产形势总体。
下一步，我们坚持人民、生命，统筹发展和安全，不断完善安全生产体系，提升本质安全水平，推进安全生产专项整治三年行动巩固提升，坚决遏制特大事故，努力降低事故总量，全力确保交通运输安全生产形势，党二十大胜利召开营造安全环境。重点做好5个方面工作：
一是全力以赴，保障交通运输安全发展。加强形势会商研判，抓好煤炭、天然气、粮食物资运输安全保障工作，有效应季节性自然灾害。
二是系统谋划，推动安全生产工作措施落地见效。贯彻交通运输安全生产“十四五”规划，安全生产体系，持续推动安全生产改革发展。
三是居安思危，深化防范化解安全风险。全面摸清行业风险底数，重点突出港口油气储存罐区、城市轨道交通运营、水上客（渡）运、地质桥梁隧道施工领域风险辨识、评估和管控工作，坚决把住安全风险源头管控关。
四是有序，深入抓好三年行动巩固提升。强化长距离省际道路客运班线、危险货物港口装卸储存作业、“四类重点船舶”和“六区一线”重点水域监管，加大商渔船防碰撞和内河船舶非法从事涉海运输整治力度，推动危旧桥梁改造升级、农村公路安全生命防护工程建设，积极会同相关部门推动常压液体危险货物罐车和车辆超限超载治理。
五是标本兼治，夯实安全生产支撑能力基础。加快完善行业标准规范，充分发挥社会公众监督作用，推进严格公正文明执法。
《国务院批转交通运输部部门节假日免收小型客车通行费实施方案通知》，2022年春节假期，全国收费公路继续7座以下（含7座）小型客车、以及允许普通收费公路行驶摩托车免收通行费。免费时段节假日第一天（1月31日）开始，节假日最后一天（2月6日）24时结束。普通公路仍车辆收费站收费车道时间为准，高速公路仍车辆驶离出口收费车道时间为准。
需要说明是，受国内外疫情形势变化因素影响，今年春运期间公众出行主要中、短途为主，预计日均车流量2800万辆左右，同比基本持平。流量变化看，呈“节前、节中反弹、节后回升”特征，预计除夕流量最低点，正月初六、正月十六前后出现两个流量高峰。天气情况看，今年春节期间全国天气总体，大部分地区气温基本接近水平，可能出现范围低温雨雪天气。为此，建议司机朋友出行前，做到“三看”：
一是看疫情。密切留意出发地目的地疫情防控政策变化，提前了解防疫检测要求，严格做好自身防护，带齐“两码两证”（码、行程码，身份证、核酸检测证明），合理选择出行路线，积极配合防疫检查，确保出行。
要前往美国旅行，持有有效期超出预定停留期六个月（协议国提供豁免情况除外）护照。
如果您是豁免签证计划成员国公民，拥有可机读护照，要到美国短期出差或旅行且行程少于90天，满足其他计划要求，并且旅游授权电子系统(ESTA)获得授权，您符合豁免签证计划。
如果游客符合豁免签证计划，但获得旅游授权电子系统(ESTA)批准，所有飞往美国航班禁止该名游客登机。即使获准登机，登机时间可能会延迟，并且美国入境机场（即抵达机场）可能会禁止入境。旅游授权电子系统(ESTA)注册需几分钟时间，注册后几秒钟获得授权，授权有效期两年，除非旅客护照两年内。此时，旅游授权电子系统(ESTA)有效期护照有效期为准。
需要。无论您居住地或户口哪里，您可以选择中国境内觉得地点进行面谈。 您可以travel.state.gov上查看中国各使领馆可预约到面谈日期。
情况下，我们建议申请人本人国籍所在国或居住国申请签证。任何中国拥有合法身份人员可以中国申请签证。但是，申请人选择申请地点时，不应考虑便捷性，或是居住区进行预约面谈延期问题。应做周详考虑，比如哪个领事馆辖区能地证明自己具有约束力。
签证签发及处理时间无法保证。如果遭到拒签，申请费不予退还。
是，大部分申请人均需如此。有少数例外情况。以下申请人亲自参加面谈：
需要，如果您签证，您可以使用新旧两本护照到美国旅行，前提是签证未损坏，且旅行主要目的签证类型相符（例如： 如果主要旅行目的旅游，签证旅游签证）。另外，两本护照上姓名其他个人信息，且两本护照是同一国家签发同一类型护照（即旅游护照或外交护照）。
如果您具有美国国籍，可使用任意国籍申请签证，但是需要申请表上向大使馆或总领事馆写明您全部国籍。美国公民（即使拥有双重国籍）出入美国使用美国护照。
是，您完成DS-160表，而且到美国大使馆或总领事馆进行面谈时，需随身携带DS-160表确认页复印件。
收到签证，请确认签证上所有个人信息准确无误。如果有任何签证信息护照不符，或出现任何错漏，请联系发证机关。
签证到期日是指持有人可持签证进入美国境内最后期限。这一信息并说明您能够美国停留多久，停留时间是您入境口岸时美国国土安全部官员决定。只要遵守国土安全部所作决定停留条件，不会有任何问题。
美国国土安全部官员您入境时作出决定，您可以I-94表上注明时间和条件美国境内停留，即使签证过期没有问题。如需了解，请点击此处。
您乘航班会乘客提供一张空白6059B海关申报表。如果全家一起出游，需填写一份海关申报表。
我们强烈建议申请人收到护照及签证之前，不要出行计划。避免退票或者更改行程情况发生方法，拿到签证之后确定行程安排。
如果出于结婚，离婚或法院下令而正式并有法律效力更改姓名，那么您需要获得护照。获得护照后，美国国务院建议你申请美国签证，以便您往返美国。
2019年5月31日，美国国务院了其移民和非移民签证申请表，要求世界范围内大多数美国签证申请人提供多信息，包括社交媒体信息。多，请点击这里。
关岛-北马里亚纳群岛（CNMI）免签计划“允许下列国家公民旅行前填写I-736表格前提下，无需获取美国签证或ESTA系统前往关岛和北马里亚纳群岛，该计划包含国家有：澳大利亚、文莱、香港、日本、马来西亚、瑙鲁、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、韩国、新加坡、台湾和英国。中国公民填写I-736表格情况下，临时访问北马里亚纳群岛，需要签证。有关关岛-北马里亚纳群岛（CNMI）免签证计划信息，请点击此处。
任何情况下，无论是美国大使馆还是其中国服务合作伙伴缴付美国MRV费用，无法获得发票或收据。
美国是一个开放社会。很多国家，美国不会内部控制强加到大部分访客身上，比如规定外国公民当地管理机关登记注册。美国移民法要求，签证官所有签证申请人进行严格审查，除非申请人提出反证，否则视为“有移民倾向”。确保外国公民美国旅无碍，申请人应负责提供如期回国证明，我们才能签发访客或学生签证。
214(b)是美国《移民国籍法》(INA)中条款，其中规定：
所有外国人申请签证时假定具有移民倾向，除非他/她能使签证官确信其具有非移民资格。
我们领事馆签证官工作十分。他/她们很短时间内判定申请人是否有资格获得临时签证。大多数情况下，签证官需面谈并审查申请人提供约束力证明材料，处理签证申请。要获得访客或学生签证，申请人满足INA101(a)(15)(B)或(F)条款相应要求。如果符合上述要求，INA214(b)条款拒签。拒签原因是，访客或学生签证申请人无法证明其美国境外拥有没有理由放弃居住权。申请人证明上述居住权存在，表明他/她们具有约束力，可迫使其短期停留后离美回国。美国法律，申请人有责任提供此类证明。
“约束力”定义国家、城市和个人情况差异而有所区别。例如，约束力可以是工作、住宅、家庭成员及银行存款。“约束力”涉及一个人生活方方面面，使其所在国家具有联系： 如财产、职业、社会及家庭关系。
请仔细考虑您自己国家约束关系。其他国家签证官能否相信您有放弃当前居住权正当理由？ 如果申请人有工作、家庭、自己购买或租赁住宅或公寓，或是有其他承诺使自己出国访问后回国，有可能签证官审查。申请人实际情况各不相同。
美国领事馆签证官了解这种差异存在。因此面谈时会个别考察每位申请人，同时考虑职业、社会、文化及其他因素。申请人可能没有机会建立约束性联系，签证官会审查他/她们赴美的意图、家庭情况及其国内发展计划和前景。每一个签证申请视为个案处理，并法律给予充分考虑。
不是。如果申请人能提供美国境外有约束力证明材料，签证官予以考虑。不过，某些申请人而言，除非其个人生活、工作和经济状况发生改变，否则无论申请多少次，具备获得非移民签证资格。
因214(b)条款拒签申请人应认真考虑自己情况，并约束力作出理性评估。采用书面记录方式，列出自己认为具有、而签证官面谈时可能没有予以考虑约束力。此外，申请人若拒签，应仔细检查呈交给签证官材料。214(b)条款拒签申请人可以申请签证。申请时，申请人应提供签证官审阅过新材料，证明自己具有约束力，或是上次拒签后个人情况发生改变。决定申请前，请考虑以下问题： (1) 我是否描述了自己情况？ (2) 签证官有没有什么问题？ (3) 我是否有材料来证明自己美国境外居住权及约束力？
申请人注意，每次申请签证时，无论是否获批，需缴纳申请费，而且此项费用无法退款。
美国移民法，海外领事馆签证官有权决定颁发签证或拒签。签证官所有签证案例有判定权。规定，美国国务院有权审查签证案例判定情况，但其管辖范围仅限于司法解释，而不是裁定事实。拒签案例中遇到争议，如申请人是否美国境外拥有符合要求居住权，属于事实范畴。只有美国海外领事馆签证官有权判定是否颁发签证。申请人提供能够证明自己具有约束力新证据，可能让领事馆变更先前拒签决定。
美国非移民签证允许持有人进入美国入境口岸（机场/港口）。当签证持有人抵达目的地口岸后，美国海关边境保护局官员负责处理入境事宜，并决定其美国停留时间。非移民签证持有人可签证有效期内任意时间（包括到期日）进入美国入境口岸。签证有效期并不能决定美国合法停留时间长短；只有美国海关边境保护局官员可以签证持有人抵达美国时作出相关决定。
签证持有人可签证有效期内任意时间（包括到期日）进入美国境内。美国海关边境保护局官员签证持有人抵达时决定其美国停留时间。即使美国境内时签证没有问题，只要超过前述官员规定停留时间。
签证持有人等待现有签证后提出申请，即使当前签证有效期内，可以申请签证。
美国签证无法一本护照转移到另一本护照。您可以带着两本护照和结婚证去美国旅行，或者申请签证。
只要您商务/旅游签证有效期内，您可以使用此签证前往美国。
您可以使用自己B-1/B-2签证（如有相应资格，可豁免签证计划旅行）赴美短期停留并看望子女，但是持有移民、工作或学生签证，才能美国照顾他生活。
注意： 核实批件，大使馆或总领事馆需要申请人提供I-129批件编号，以及I-797批件。请面谈时携带这两份材料。
我们提供临时工签证。所有计划美国工作申请人持有短期工作批件，才能预约签证面谈。
不能，只有您雇主才能提供担保。
I-797表或聘用意向书，工作签证持有人进入美国时间不得入职日期前10天。
L-1签证申请人（持Blanket- 经移民局批准公司通用申请书）支付打假侦查费。个人L类及H-1B类和H-2B类签证申请，申请书提交USCIS后，美国雇佣公司缴纳打假侦查费和边境安全法案费。
I-20表是美国政府官方表格，获得认证美国学校签发，准备入学就读非移民学生持有此表方可申请F-1或M-1签证。I-20表可作为入学证明，其中包含支付SEVIS I-901费用、申请签证或变更签证状态所需信息。I-20表上有学生SEVIS系统编号，位于右上角条码正上方，字母N开头，后接九位数字。
入学学生（F和M）签证可学校课程开学日期前365天内签发。我们鼓动学生签证申请者收至l-20表格后，提交签证申请申请。
无论何时签发签证，如果首次前往美国，您只能I-20表上注明入学日期前30天内入境。
如果是预约签证面谈后收到其他学校签发I-20表，请面谈时告诉签证官这一情况。
不用，只要您美国，无需申请签证，因为签证作用只是让持有人入境。请USCIS咨询是否需要调整签证状态。不过，离开美国，需要申请学生签证才能入境。